Ordenar los hechos de una historia con past perfect.
Colegio Ángeles del NorteInglés · L. R. Montaño Rincón
🎲Calentamiento · warm-up · 10 minutos
The Memory Shop
La tienda de la memoria
How to play · Cómo se juega
1
The first student says the sentence on the screen and adds one thing.
El primero dice la frase de la pantalla y añade una cosa.
2
The next student repeats everything, in order, and adds one more.
El siguiente repite todo, en orden, y añade una más.
3
When somebody forgets, a new chain starts. Beat the class record.
Cuando alguien olvide, empieza una cadena nueva. Superen el récord del curso.
Example · ejemplo
«I went to the shop and I bought a phone, two apples and a red umbrella.»
Fui a la tienda y compré un celular, dos manzanas y un paraguas rojo.
Useful English · frases que necesitas
I went to the shop and I bought…
Fui a la tienda y compré…
Wait, what was number four?
Espera, ¿cuál era la cuatro?
You forgot the apples!
¡Se te olvidaron las manzanas!
New record!
¡Récord nuevo!
🎮The Memory Shop · el juego
Cuatro versiones de la cadena
Elige una según el tema del día. Pulsa el botón para oír el patrón.
Versión 1
I went to the shop and I bought…
Pasado simple. La más fácil: objetos.
Versión 2
Yesterday I saw… in the street.
Pasado simple con lugares y personas.
Versión 3
I have visited… in my life.
Present perfect: ciudades y países.
Versión 4
When I arrived, everybody had already…
Past perfect: para los grados superiores.
❓Antes de aprender · pregunta problematizadora
Which happened first?
01Cuenta algo que te pasó en un viaje.
02Identifica dos acciones.
03¿Cuál ocurrió antes? Márcalo en inglés.
🎯Al terminar este tema podrás
Desempeños
I
Formar el past perfect con had + past participle.
II
Ordenar acciones pasadas en un relato coherente.
III
Combinar past perfect y simple past en anécdotas personales.
💡La idea central
El escalón anterior
Cuando ya estás narrando en pasado y necesitas retroceder un paso más, usas el past perfect. Es el pasado del pasado.
“She had never travelled abroad until she was seventeen.”
Un solo had basta para marcar todo el retroceso.
🧩La fórmula
Sujeto
I / She / They
+
Auxiliar
had
+
Verbo
past participle
By the time we arrived, they had eaten everything.Contracción: I'd, she'd. Negativa: hadn't.
Afirmativa · Negativa · Pregunta
Affirmative
I'd already packed. She'd forgotten her passport.
had + participio
Negative
I hadn't seen the message. We hadn't booked a hotel.
hadn't
Interrogative
Had you been there before? Had they left already?
Had + sujeto + participio
⏳Palabras que lo acompañan
Señales del past perfect
FRECUENTES
already
just
never
by the time
before
after
until then
as soon as
once
EN CONTEXTO
The bus
had just
left.
I
had never
seen it.
By then she
had already
decided.
Cuándo lo necesitas
Anécdotas de viaje — lo previo al viaje
We had booked online.
Explicar una causa — por qué pasó algo
He failed: he hadn't studied.
Primera vez — never … before
I had never flown before.
Reported speech — retrocede un tiempo
He said he had finished.
Third conditional — la hipótesis del pasado
If we had left earlier…
Cuidado — no lo uses si el orden es obvio
I woke up and had breakfast.
🏠Así se dice en la vida real
Lo que ya había pasado
Boletas y planes
The tickets had already sold out.
I had saved money since March.
They had not announced the date yet.
We had waited all night in the queue.
El colegio
When I arrived, the exam had started.
She had studied for three days.
He had forgotten his homework at home.
By the time we came, the bell had rung.
La vida diaria
I had never eaten sushi before.
My phone had died before I called.
They had left when I got there.
He was tired: he had not slept.
Ahora cámbialo por tu versión: tu grupo, tu juego, tu horario.
Dos pasados en una historia
Past perfect
She had lost her ticket.
Ocurrió antes. Es el trasfondo que explica lo que sigue.
Simple past
She missed the train.
Es el hecho principal, el que avanza el relato.
El relato avanza en simple past; el past perfect solo retrocede.
📖Lectura contextualizada
The Lost Suitcase
When Camilo landed in Lima, he discovered that his suitcase had not arrived. He had packed everything the night before and had checked the label twice. He went to the desk, filled in a form, and two days later the suitcase appeared — it had travelled to Quito.
past perfectsimple past
💬Cómic · conversación
The Phone Call
M
Mariana
By the time I got in, the tickets had already sold out.
J
Julián
How many people had entered before you?
M
Mariana
Twelve thousand. I had never seen a queue like that.
J
Julián
Good news: I had bought two by mistake. One is yours.
Foco: past perfect · already / never / by the time. Después de escucharlo, léanlo en parejas cambiando los nombres por los suyos.
🔊Pronunciación · una frase a la vez
El pasado antes del pasado
Las boletas ya se habían agotado.
Nunca los había visto en vivo antes.
Cuando llegamos, ya había empezado.
Ella había ahorrado dinero por seis meses.
Todavía no habían anunciado la fecha.
Dijo que había comprado dos boletas.
Habíamos esperado en la fila toda la noche.
¿Alguna vez habías ido a un concierto?
«Had» suena corto y casi se pega al participio: had already sold.
📺Lectura para proyectar
Sold Out in Four Minutes
La preventa que terminó antes de empezar. El past perfect marca todo lo que ya había pasado.
Nivel B1 · 125 palabras · unos 2 minutos y medio leyendo en voz alta
Lectura · boletas agotadas
Sold Out in Four Minutes
Mariana had waited eight months for the tour announcement. She had saved money since March and had set three alarms for the presale.
At ten o'clock she opened the page. Twelve thousand people were already in the queue. She hadn't expected that.
By the time her turn came, the cheap sections had disappeared. Four minutes later the site said: SOLD OUT.
She had never felt so useless with such good internet. Then her cousin called: he had bought two tickets by mistake.
«I had already decided not to go,» Mariana says now. «And then the universe fixed it in one phone call.»
Glosario
presale — preventa
queue — fila virtual
by mistake — por error
useless — inútil
Después de leer
01How long had Mariana waited, and since when had she saved money?
02What had happened by the time her turn came?
03Find three verbs in past perfect and explain what happened first.
✅Opción múltiple · 1 de 3
By the time we got there, the shop ______.
Aclosed
Bhad closed
Chas closed
Dwas closing
✅Opción múltiple · 2 de 3
She ______ never been abroad before that trip.
Ahas
Bwas
Chad
Ddid
✅Opción múltiple · 3 de 3
He was hungry because he ______ breakfast.
Adidn't have
Bhadn't had
Chas not had
Dnot had
🤔True or False
¿Verdadero o falso?
El past perfect siempre marca la acción anterior.
TRUE
FALSE
“I had saw it” es correcto.
TRUE
FALSE
By the time suele introducir past perfect.
TRUE
FALSE
El past perfect se usa en el tercer condicional.
TRUE
FALSE
Had cambia según el sujeto.
TRUE
FALSE
🔗Asociar · matching
Causa anterior → consecuencia
Haz clic en la causa y luego en su consecuencia.
He hadn't studied,
She had lost her keys,
They hadn't booked,
I had never seen snow,
so he failed the test.
so I was amazed.
so she waited outside.
so there were no seats.
📝Completar el espacio
Fill in the blanks
had
never
packed
By
1. When I arrived, everyone already left.
2. She had flown before that day.
3. the time we came, it had finished.
4. He had his bag the night before.
🔢Ordenar la oración
Build the sentence
eaten
had
they
arrived
we
everything
time
the
By
🔍Encontrar el error
Find the mistake
I had sawthatfilm
She hasleft before I called
They had wenthomeearly
🏁Después de aprender
Lo esencial
had + participio para lo anterior · simple past para el relato · already / never / by the time / before.
Tarea: narra en diez oraciones una anécdota de viaje usando al menos cuatro past perfect.