📘Grado 11°

Periodo 2

Tema 3 de 3

Dependent & Independent Clauses

La arquitectura de la oración compleja.

Colegio Ángeles del NorteInglés · L. R. Montaño Rincón

❓Antes de aprender · pregunta problematizadora

Why does this sentence feel incomplete?

01Escribe una oración con “although”.

02Bórrale la segunda parte.

03¿Qué le falta? Explícalo en inglés.

🎯Al terminar este tema podrás

Desempeños

Distinguir cláusulas independientes de dependientes.

Construir oraciones simples, compuestas y complejas.

III

Eliminar fragmentos y frases fundidas del propio texto.

💡La idea central

Una cláusula que no se sostiene sola

La independiente tiene sentido completo. La dependiente empieza por una conjunción subordinante y necesita apoyarse en otra.

“Although it was raining → ¿y qué pasó?”

Ese "¿y qué?" es la prueba del fragmento.

INDEPENDENT

DEPENDENT

🧩Los tres tipos de oración

Simple

1 independiente

Compuesta

2 independientes

Compleja

1 indep. + 1 dep.

Although it rained, the match continued.Si la dependiente va primero, lleva coma.

Coordinantes · Subordinantes

FANBOYS

for · and · nor
but · or · yet · so

unen independientes

Subordinantes

although · because
if · when · while
since · unless

crean dependientes

Relativos

who · which · that
whose · where

cláusulas de relativo

🧩Patrones de puntuación

Cómo se puntúa cada tipo

PATRÓN

IC.		IC, and IC.
DC, IC.		IC DC.
IC; IC.		IC; however, IC.

EJEMPLO

She left.		She left, and he stayed.
Because she left, he stayed.		He stayed because she left.
She left; he stayed.		She left; however, he stayed.

Fragmentos y fusiones

Fragment — dependiente sola

Because it was late. ✗

Run-on — dos frases sin signo

It rained we left. ✗

Comma splice — unidas por coma

It rained, we left. ✗

Coma con DC inicial — obligatoria

When I arrived, …

Sin coma con DC final — normalmente

… when I arrived.

Variedad — alterna longitudes

ritmo del párrafo

Fragmento vs. Oración completa

Fragmento

Although the results were positive.

Tiene sujeto y verbo, pero la conjunción deja la idea abierta.

Completa

Although the results were positive, the study continued.

La cláusula independiente cierra la idea.

Prueba: léela sola. Si esperas más, es un fragmento.

📖Lectura contextualizada

Rewriting for Rhythm

The experiment failed. Although the team had prepared for months, the equipment broke on the first day. Because there was no budget left, they repeated it with borrowed instruments — and it worked.

independientesdependientes

✅Opción múltiple · 1 de 3

Which is a dependent clause?

AShe arrived late.

BBecause she arrived late

CThe train left.

DHe waited outside.

✅Opción múltiple · 2 de 3

“______ it was raining, we went out.”

ABecause

BAlthough

CSo

DTherefore

✅Opción múltiple · 3 de 3

Which sentence is compound?

AShe left because it was late.

BShe left, and he stayed.

CAlthough she left.

DShe left.

🤔True or False

¿Verdadero o falso?

Una cláusula independiente tiene sentido completo por sí sola.

TRUE

FALSE

Although introduce una cláusula dependiente.

TRUE

FALSE

Cuando la dependiente va primero, se separa con coma.

TRUE

FALSE

“Because it was late.” es una oración completa.

TRUE

FALSE

Las conjunciones FANBOYS unen dos independientes.

TRUE

FALSE

🔗Asociar · matching

Tipo → ejemplo

Haz clic en el tipo y luego en su ejemplo.

Simple

Compound

Complex

Fragment

Because she was tired.

She left early, but he stayed.

She left early.

She left early because she was tired.

📝Completar el espacio

Fill in the blanks

unless

and

Although

because

1. it was raining, we went out.

2. He stayed he had no ticket.

3. She studied hard, she passed.

4. We will not go the weather improves.

🔢Ordenar la oración

Build the sentence

broke

Although

team

the

prepared

equipment

the

immediately

had

🔍Encontrar el error

Find the mistake

Because it was late. We went home

It rained , we left early

Although she was tired but she finished

🏁Después de aprender

Lo esencial

independiente = sentido completo · dependiente = necesita apoyo · DC primero lleva coma · evita fragmentos y comma splices.

Tarea: reescribe un párrafo propio combinando oraciones simples, compuestas y complejas, y señala cada tipo.

Puntaje de la clase

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